This is actually a little machine to me. It seems a bit wobbly. Because it doesn't use fuzzy logic stuff. But anyway, I'm impressed with the speed. This only cost us about 10$. But you've got to be a bit creative.
Anyway following is a little guide of how to build one like that.
Building the circuit.
Since it's a line follower, we only need to track the line and follow it. Thats's it. In order to identify the line we use IR sensors. Like the one you can see down here.
These sensors have transmittors and receivers. An IR LED (transmitter) and a photo transiter (receiver). As you can see above, darker or black surfaces don't reflect light very well. (Shinier ones do anyway) So we use that quality here. IR rays from the transmitter reflect from the surface an hit the receiver. Enough rays can trigger the photo-transister and open its gate. If the sensor is over a white surface, the photo-transister is on and if not it's off.
Now you can make a line follower only with one of these sensors. that's true. But I should say that wouldn't be that smooth like using two or more sensors. Therefore we used a panel of 4 sensors on our robot.
We have 4 sensors on our board now. That means we've got 4 inputs to handle.
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